washers are hardware components that play a crucial role in providing a smooth, load-distributing surface under a nut or bolt head. They are used to prevent the nut or bolt from digging into the material being fastened and to distribute the load more evenly.

Washers are selected based on the specific requirements of the construction project, the type of fastener being used, and the load distribution needs. Using the appropriate washer helps ensure the stability, longevity, and safety of the construction assembly.